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Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the next millennium BCE. Inside following millennium, the oldest scriptures connected with Hinduism began
to be constructed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political consolidations befell under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism,
Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region’s diverse tradition. Much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire.
The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire. Your mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, even in the mid-19th under British crown norm. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was recognized for non-violent resistance and led to India’s independence in 1947
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